1. Hannun hannu
Ciki har da daidaitattun hanyoyin jagoranci I, II, da III da matsawa unipolar gaɓa yana jagorantar aVR, aVL, da aVF.
(1) Daidaitaccen gubar gaɓoɓi: wanda kuma aka sani da gubar bipolar, wanda ke nuna yuwuwar bambance-bambancen tsakanin gabobin biyu.
(2) Gubar gaɓoɓin hannu na matsi: a cikin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu, lantarki ɗaya kawai yana nuna yuwuwar, kuma yuwuwar ɗayan lantarki daidai yake da sifili.A wannan lokacin, girman girman nau'in igiyar igiyar ruwa da aka kafa ba ta da yawa, don haka ana amfani da matsa lamba don ƙara yuwuwar aunawa don ganowa cikin sauƙi.
(3) Lokacin gano ECG a asibiti, akwai nau'ikan lantarki guda 4 na gaɓoɓin ledar binciken, kuma wuraren da aka sanya su sune: jajayen lantarki yana kan wuyan hannu na hannun dama na hannun dama, lantarki mai launin rawaya yana kan wuyan hannu na sama na hagu. reshe, kuma koren lantarki yana kan ƙafa da ƙafar ƙafar ƙananan ƙafar hagu.Baƙar fata na lantarki yana tsaye a idon ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar dama.
2. Kirji yana kaiwa
Jagorar unipolar ce, gami da jagorar V1 zuwa V6.A lokacin gwaji, yakamata a sanya ingantacciyar wutar lantarki akan takamaiman ɓangaren bangon ƙirji, kuma yakamata a haɗa na'urorin lantarki guda 3 na gubar gaɓar ta hanyar resistor 5K don samar da tashar wutar lantarki ta tsakiya.
A lokacin gwajin ECG na yau da kullun, 12 jagororin bipolar, matsa lamba na unipolar gaba da V1～V6 na iya biyan bukatun.Idan ana zargin dextrocardia, hypertrophy na ventricular dama, ko ciwon zuciya na zuciya, yakamata a ƙara V7, V8, V9, da V3R.V7 yana a matakin V4 a layin axillary na baya na hagu;V8 yana a matakin V4 a layin hagu na scapular;V9 yana a gefen hagu na kashin baya Layin V4 yana a matakin;V3R yana a daidai sashin V3 akan kirjin dama.
Muhimmancin kulawa
1. Tsarin kulawa na 12-lead na iya nuna abubuwan da ke faruwa na ischemia na myocardial a cikin lokaci.70% zuwa 90% na ischemia myocardial ischemia ana gano shi ta hanyar electrocardiogram, kuma a asibiti, yawanci yana asymptomatic.
2. Ga marasa lafiya da ke cikin haɗarin ischemia na myocardial, irin su angina mara tsayayye da raunin zuciya, 12-lead ST-segment ci gaba da saka idanu na ECG na iya gano abubuwan da ke faruwa na ischemia na myocardial da sauri, musamman abubuwan asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, wanda shine na asibiti Samar da ingantaccen tushe don gano lokaci. da magani.
3. Yana da wuya a bambanta daidai tsakanin tachycardia na ventricular da tachycardia na supraventricular tare da gudanarwa na bambance-bambancen intraventricular ta amfani da gubar II kawai.Mafi kyawun jagora don bambanta biyu daidai shine V da MCL (haɗin P wave da QRS suna da mafi kyawun ilimin halittar jiki).
4. Lokacin da ake ƙididdige ƙayyadaddun bugun zuciya, yin amfani da jagorori da yawa ya fi daidai fiye da amfani da gubar guda ɗaya.
5. Tsarin sa ido na 12 ya fi dacewa kuma ya dace don sanin ko mai haƙuri yana da arrhythmia fiye da tsarin kulawa na gargajiya guda ɗaya, da kuma nau'in arrhythmia, ƙimar farawa, lokacin bayyanar, tsawon lokaci, da canje-canje kafin da bayan. maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
6. Ci gaba da kula da ECG na 12-lead yana da matukar mahimmanci don ƙayyade yanayin arrhythmia, zabar hanyoyin bincike da magani, da kuma lura da tasirin jiyya.
7. Tsarin kula da jagoranci na 12 kuma yana da iyakokinsa a aikace-aikacen asibiti, kuma yana da sauƙi ga tsoma baki.Lokacin da yanayin jikin mai haƙuri ya canza ko kuma ana amfani da na'urorin lantarki na wani lokaci, yawancin raƙuman tsangwama zasu bayyana akan allon, wanda zai shafi hukunci da bincike na electrocardiogram.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-12-2021