Cov hluav taws xob

Electrolytes ntub dej los yog muab tshuaj txhuam

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom hnyav ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab feem ntau cov electrolyte yog thickened los ntawm cov khoom siv gel los yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim txhuam cev lossis cov khaub ncaws mos.Kev lag luam electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes feem ntau xa tuaj raws li cov khoom siv pregelled rau kev siv ib zaug, thiab qhov nruab nrab yuav muaj cov khoom khaws cia kom nce lub neej, lossis cov khoom quartz rau abrading lub hom phiaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Feem ntau, cov ionic txav thiab yog li cov conductivity nyob rau hauv lub siab viscosity muab tshuaj txhuam yog qis dua nyob rau hauv cov kua.Electrolytes ntub dej ntawm siab concentration (> 1%) nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nquag, nrog lub sij hawm tas li feem ntau hais los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10 min (Tregear, 1966; Almasi li al., 1970; McAdams li al., 1991b).Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb cov txheej txheem tsis yog exponential (raws li cov txheej txheem diffusion tsis yog), thiab yuav mus rau ntau teev thiab hnub (Grimnes, 1983a) (saib daim duab 4.20).Kev nkag mus yog muaj zog dua qhov siab dua cov electrolyte concentration, tab sis kuj ua rau tawv nqaij ntau dua.NaCl zoo dua los ntawm tib neeg cov tawv nqaij ntawm qhov siab siab dua li lwm cov electrolytes.Daim duab 7.5 qhia pom cov electrolyte nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thawj 4 h tom qab electrode pib rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.Impedance ntawm 1 Hz yog dominated los ntawm stratum corneum electrolyte cov ntsiab lus, nrog tsawg dua 1% kev koom tes los ntawm electrode tus kheej me me-cim polarizing impedance.Yog hais tias hws ducts tau sau los yog tsis ntev los no tau sau, qhov conductance ntawm cov ducts shunts lub siab impedance ntawm qhuav stratum corneum.

Cov conductivity σ ntawm qee qhov kev siv tshuaj nplaum / pastas yog: Redux creme (Hewlett Packard) 10.6 S / m, Electrode creme (Grass) 3.3 S / m, Beckman-Offner paste 17 S / m, NASA Flight paste 7.7 S / m , thiab NASA electrode cream 1.2 S / m.NASA Flight paste muaj 9% NaCl, 3% potassium chloride (KCl), thiab 3% calcium chloride (CaCl), tag nrho 15% (los ntawm qhov hnyav) ntawm electrolytes.Thick electroencephalogram (EEG) muab tshuaj yuav muaj ntau npaum li 45% KCl.

Hauv kev sib piv, 0.9% NaCl (los ntawm qhov hnyav) physiological saline tov muaj ib tug conductivity ntawm 1.4 S / m;Feem ntau cov gels yog li ntawd muaj zog electrolytes.Cov dej hiav txwv muaj txog 3.5% ntsev, thiab Hiav Txwv Tuag muaj> 25% ntsev nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 50% MgCl2, 30% NaCl, 14% CaCl2, thiab 6% KCl.Qhov ntawd txawv heev ntawm cov ntsev dej hiav txwv (NaCl 97% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntsev).Lub Hiav Txwv Tuag yog hu ua "tuag" vim tias nws cov salinity siab tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab ntses los ntawm qhov ntawd.

Kev paub tau pom tias cov gel muaj zog dua, qhov nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab hws ducts sai dua.Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij xws li tawv nqaij khaus thiab reddening kuj sai dua.Rau kev kuaj ECG ceev, cov gels muaj zog tuaj yeem siv tau;rau kev saib xyuas thaum nruab hnub, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis muaj zog.Feem ntau cov neeg txaus siab rau cov sij hawm da dej hauv dej hiav txwv, yog li cov ntsiab lus ntsev ntawm 3.5% yuav tsum tau txais ntau zaus.

Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrodermal (Tshooj 10.3), kev sib cuag ntub dej yuav tsum muaj cov ntsev tsawg kom paub tseeb tias cov ducts tshem tawm sai.