Oximetry nke usu

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Oximetry nke usubụ aadịghị emerụ ahụusoro iji nyochaa nke mmadụoxygen saturation.Agbanyeghị na ọ na-agụ maka saturation oxygen dị n'akụkụ (SpO₂) ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ dị ka ịgụ ihe na-achọsi ike nke ikuku oxygen saturation (SaO₂) siakwara ọbara gasNyocha, a na-ejikọta ha abụọ nke ọma na usoro oximetry pulse pulse dị mma, dị mma, adịghị ọnụ, bara uru maka ịlele saturation oxygen naụlọ ọgwụjiri.

N'ụdị ngwa ngwa ya na-ahụkarị (transmissive), a na-etinye ihe mmetụta sensọ n'akụkụ dị mkpa nke ahụ onye ọrịa, na-abụkarịmkpịsị akama ọ bụntị, ma ọ bụ n'ihe banyere otunwa ọhụrụ, gafee otu ụkwụ.Ngwaọrụ na-agafe n'ogologo abụọ nke ìhè site na akụkụ ahụ gaa na onye na-ahụ maka foto.Ọ na-atụ ihe nnabata na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ọ bụlaogologo ogologo, na-enye ya ohere ikpebi nkeabsorbancesn'ihi pulsingọbara akwaranaanị ya, ewezugaọbara venous, akpụkpọ, ọkpụkpụ, akwara, abụba, na (n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ) ntu ​​ntu.^[1]

Reflectance pulse oximetry bụ ihe na-adịghị adịkarị na-ebufe pulse oximetry.Usoro a anaghị achọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ahụ mmadụ, ya mere ọ dabara nke ọma na ngwa zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka ụkwụ, ọkpọiso, na obi, ma ọ nwekwara ụfọdụ njedebe.Vasodilation na ikpokọta ọbara venous n'isi n'ihi mgbaghara venous laghachi na obi nwere ike ime ka ngwakọta nke akwara na venous pulsations na mpaghara ọkpọiso na-eduga na spurious SpO.₂nsonaazụ.Ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme mgbe a na-enye ọgwụ mgbuendotracheal intubationna igwe ventilashion ma ọ bụ na ndị ọrịa naỌnọdụ Trendelenburg.^[2]

ọdịnaya

• 1 Akụkọ
• 2 Ọrụ
• 3 Ngosipụta
  • 3.1 Uru
  • 3.2 Oke
  • 3.3 Na-abawanye ojiji
  • 3.4 Nchọpụta mbụ nke COVID-19
  • 4 Nleta ewepụtara
  • 5Hụ kwa
  • 6 ndetu
  • 7 Ntụaka
  • 8 Njikọ mpụga

N'afọ 1935, dọkịta German Karl Mattes (1905-1962) mepụtara ntị O nke mbụ nwere ogologo ogologo abụọ.₂mita saturation nwere ihe nzacha ọbara ọbara na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (emesia ihe nzacha uhie na infrared).Mita ya bụ ngwaọrụ izizi tụrụ O₂saturation.^[3]

Nke mbụ oximeter mere siteGlenn Allan Millikann'afọ 1940.^[4]N'afọ 1949, Wood gbakwunyere capsule nrụgide iji wepụ ọbara na ntị ka o wee nweta O zuru oke.₂uru saturation mgbe a na-emegharị ọbara.Echiche a yiri oximetry pulse nke oge a, mana ọ siri ike itinye ya n'ihi enweghị isifotocellsna isi iyi;taa anaghị eji usoro a eme ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ.N'afọ 1964, Shaw kpọkọtara oximeter ntị nke mbụ zuru oke, nke jiri ogologo wavelength asatọ nke ìhè.

Emepụtara Pulse oximetry na 1972, site naTakuo Aoyagina Michio Kishi, bioengineers, naNihon Kohdenna-eji nha nke uhie na ntinye ọkụ infrared nke ihe na-akpụ akpụ na saịtị nha.Susumu Nakajima, bụ́ dọkịta na-awa ahụ, na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwalere ngwaọrụ ahụ nke mbụ n’ebe ndị ọrịa nọ, na-akọ ya na 1975.^[5]Ọ bụ site n'ịzụ ahịaBioxn'afọ 1980.^[6][5][7]

Ka ọ na-erule 1987, ụkpụrụ nlekọta maka nlekọta ọgwụ anestetiiki izugbe na US gụnyere pulse oximetry.Site na ime ụlọ ịwa ahụ, ojiji nke oximetry pulse na-agbasa ngwa ngwa n'ụlọ ọgwụ niile, nke mbụ ruoụlọ mgbake, wee gaangalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ.Pulse oximetry bụ ihe bara uru na ngalaba nwa ọhụrụ ebe ndị ọrịa anaghị eme nke ọma na ikuku oxygen ezughị oke, mana oke ikuku oxygen na mgbanwe nke mkpokọta oxygen nwere ike ibute nhụsianya ọhụụ ma ọ bụ kpu ìsì site na.retinopathy nke prematurity(ROP).Ọzọkwa, ịnweta gas ọbara akwara site n'aka onye ọrịa nwa ọhụrụ na-ewute onye ọrịa ahụ na isi ihe na-akpata anaemia nwa ọhụrụ.^[8]Ihe ngosi mmegharị ahụ nwere ike ịbụ oke dị mkpa na nleba anya pulse oximetry nke na-ebute mkpu ụgha ugboro ugboro yana mfu data.Nke a bụ n'ihi na n'oge ngagharị na obere mpụtaperfusion, ọtụtụ pulse oximeters enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọbara akwara na-akpụ akpụ na ọbara venous na-ebugharị, na-eduga n'elelị nke saturation oxygen.Ọmụmụ ihe mmalite nke arụmọrụ pulse oximetry n'oge mmegharị isiokwu mere ka ọ pụta ìhè adịghị ike nke teknụzụ pulse oximetry nke oge ochie na ihe mmegharị ahụ.^[9][10]

N'afọ 1995,Masimoewebata Technology Extraction Technology (SET) nke nwere ike tụọ nke ọma n'oge mmegharị onye ọrịa na obere perfusion site na ikewapụta mgbama akwara na venous na akara ndị ọzọ.Kemgbe ahụ, ndị na-emepụta pulse oximetry ewepụtala algọridim ọhụrụ iji belata ụfọdụ mkpu ụgha n'oge ngagharị^[11]dị ka ịgbatị oge nkezi ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ na-ajụ oyi na ihuenyo, mana ha anaghị ekwu na ha na-atụle ọnọdụ mgbanwe n'oge mmegharị na obere perfusion.Yabụ, a ka nwere ọdịiche dị mkpa na arụmọrụ nke pulse oximeters n'oge ọnọdụ ịma aka.^[12]Ọzọkwa na 1995, Masimo webatara ntụzịaka perfusion, na-akọwapụta njupụta nke mpụta.plethysmographụdị ifegharị.E gosiputara ndenye ihe nfụkasị iji nyere ndị dọkịta aka ịkọ etu ọrịa siri ike na nsonaazụ iku ume n'oge na ụmụ ọhụrụ,^[13][14][15]buru amụma na ọ ga-erute obere vena cava n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ dị obere ọmụmụ,^[16]nye ihe ngosi mmalite nke sympathectomy mgbe anesthesia epidural gasịrị,^[17]ma kwalite nchọpụta nke ọrịa obi dị oke egwu n'ime ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ.^[18]

Akwụkwọ ebipụtara atụnyere teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbama na teknụzụ pulse oximetry ndị ọzọ wee gosipụta nsonaazụ dị mma mgbe niile maka teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbama.^[9][12][19]Teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbanaka egosikwara arụmọrụ pulse oximetry ka ọ tụgharịa n'inyere ndị ụlọọgwụ aka imeziwanye nsonaazụ onye ọrịa.N'otu nnyocha, retinopathy nke akaghi aka (mmebi anya) belatara 58% na ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ dị obere na etiti na-eji teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbaàmà, ebe ọ nweghị mbelata na retinopathy nke prematurity na etiti ọzọ nwere otu ndị dọkịta na-eji otu ụkpụrụ ahụ. mana na teknụzụ mmịpụta na-abụghị mgbaama.^[20]Ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ egosila na teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbaama pulse oximetry na-ebute nha gas ọbara dị ntakịrị, oge iwepụ oxygen ngwa ngwa, iji ihe mmetụta dị ala, yana ogologo oge ịnọ.^[21]Ntụnye-site na mmegharị ahụ na ike ntanye dị ala nke o nyelakwara ya ohere iji mee ihe n'ebe ndị a na-elebubeghị anya dị ka ụlọ izugbe, ebe mkpu ụgha na-akpagbu pulse oximetry.Dị ka ihe akaebe nke a, e bipụtara ọmụmụ ihe ịrịba ama na 2010 na-egosi na ndị dọkịta na Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center na-eji teknụzụ mmịpụta ihe mgbaàmà pulse oximetry na ala n'ozuzu nwere ike ibelata mmemme nzaghachi ngwa ngwa, nnyefe ICU, na ụbọchị ICU.^[22]N'afọ 2020, nyocha nlegharị anya n'otu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gosiri na ihe karịrị afọ iri iji pulse oximetry na teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbaàmà, yana sistemu onyunyo ndị ọrịa, enweghị ọnwụ ndị ọrịa na-anwụ na ọ nweghị onye ọrịa nke ịda mbà n'obi iku ume nke opioid kpatara. mgbe a na-eji nlezianya na-aga n'ihu.^[23]

N'afọ 2007, Masimo webatara nha nke mbụpleth mgbanwe index(PVI), nke ọtụtụ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ gosipụtara na-enye usoro ọhụrụ maka nyocha akpaaka, nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ nke ikike onye ọrịa nwere ịzaghachi nchịkwa mmiri.^[24][25][26]Ọkwa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị dị mkpa iji belata ihe ize ndụ mgbe ịwachara ahụ na imeziwanye nsonaazụ onye ọrịa: egosila oke mmiri nke dị oke ala (n'okpuru hydration) ma ọ bụ nke dị elu (oke hydration) iji belata ọgwụgwọ ọnya na ịbawanye ohere nke ibute ọrịa ma ọ bụ nsogbu obi.^[27]N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, National Health Service na United Kingdom na French Anesthesia and Critical Care Society depụtara PVI nlekota dịka akụkụ nke atụmatụ ha tụrụ aro maka njikwa mmiri n'ime ime.^[28][29]

N'afọ 2011, otu ọkachamara na-arụ ọrụ tụrụ aro ka a na-enyocha nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ na pulse oximetry iji mee ka nchọpụta ahụ dịkwuo elu.oké egwu congenital obi ọrịa(CCHD).^[30]Otu ọrụ CCHD zoro aka na nsonaazụ ọmụmụ abụọ buru ibu nke isiokwu 59,876 bụ ndị ji teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbaama na-amụba njirimara nke CCHD na obere ihe adịgboroja.^[31][32]Otu CCHD na-arụ ọrụ tụrụ aro ka e jiri oximetry pulse nke na-anabata ihe mee nyocha nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ nke kwadokwara n'ọnọdụ ọgbaghara dị ala.N'afọ 2011, Odeakwụkwọ Ahụike na Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ na United States gbakwunyere pulse oximetry na kọmiti nyocha otu agba akwadoro.^[33]Tupu ihe akaebe maka nyocha site na iji teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbaàmà, enyochara ihe na-erughị 1% nke ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na United States.Taa,The Newborn Foundationedepụtala ihe dị nso na nyocha zuru ụwa ọnụ na United States na nyocha mba ụwa na-agbasa ngwa ngwa.^[34]Na 2014, nnukwu ọmụmụ nke atọ nke ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ 122,738 bụ ndị jikwa teknụzụ mmịpụta mgbaàmà naanị gosipụtara nsonaazụ dị mma dị ka nke mbụ ọmụmụ abụọ buru ibu.^[35]

E mepụtala oximetry pulse oximetry dị elu (HRPO) maka nyocha apnea nke ụra n'ime ụlọ na ịnwale ndị ọrịa na-agaghị ekwe omume ịrụ ya.polysomnography.^[36][37]Ọ na-echekwa ma na-edekọ ha abụọọnụego usuna SpO2 na 1 nkeji nke abụọ ma gosipụta ya n'otu nnyocha iji nyere aka chọpụta iku ume na-adịghị mma na ndị ọrịa ịwa ahụ.^[38]

Ụdị mmịpụta nke hemoglobin oxygenated (HbO2) na haemoglobin deoxygenated (Hb) maka ogologo ogologo uhie na infrared.

Akụkụ dị n'ime nke pulse oximeter

Ihe nleba anya ikuku oxygen na-egosiputa pasenti ọbara nke jupụtara na oxygen.Kpọmkwem, ọ tụrụ ihe pasentị nkehemoglobin, protein dị n'ọbara nke na-ebu oxygen, na-ebu ibu.Oke nkịtị anabatara maka ndị ọrịa na-enweghị pathology akpa ume sitere na pasent 95 ruo 99.Maka onye ọrịa ime ụlọ iku ume ikuku na ma ọ bụ nsooke osimiri, atụmatụ nke arterial PO₂enwere ike ime ya site na nyocha ọbara-oxygen"Saturation nke ikuku oxygen"(SpO₂) ịgụ ihe.

A ahụkarị pulse oximeter na-eji eletrọnịkị processor na otu ụzọ oberediodes na-enye ọkụ(LEDs) chere ihu afotodiodesite na akụkụ translucent nke ahụ onye ọrịa, na-abụkarị mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ ntị ntị.Otu ikanam na-acha uhie uhie, ya na yaogologo ife efenke 660 nm, na nke ọzọ bụinfraredna ogologo ife efe nke 940 nm.Mmụba nke ìhè n'ogo nfe ndị a dị nnọọ iche n'etiti ọbara jupụtara na oxygen na ọbara enweghị oxygen.Hemoglobin oxygen na-amịkọrọ ìhè infrared ma na-enye ohere ka ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie gafere.Hemoglobin deoxygenated na-enye ohere ka ìhè infrared ka ukwuu gafere ma na-amịkọrọ ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie.Usoro nke LEDs site na okirikiri ha nke otu na, nke ọzọ, wee gbanyụọ ihe dị ka ugboro iri atọ kwa nkeji nke na-enye ohere ka photodiode zaghachi na ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie na infrared iche ma gbanwee maka ntọala ìhè ambient.^[39]

A na-atụ oke ọkụ a na-ebunye (n'okwu ndị ọzọ, nke na-adịghị etinye ya n'ime ya), ma na-emepụta akara ngosi dị iche iche maka ogologo ogologo ọ bụla.Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a na-agbanwe n'oge n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara akwara dị ugbu a na-abawanye (n'ụzọ nkịtị pulses) na obi ọ bụla.Site n'iwepụ obere ọkụ a na-ebunye na ọkụ a na-ebunye n'ogologo ọ bụla, a na-edozi mmetụta nke anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ, na-emepụta mgbaàmà na-aga n'ihu maka ọbara akwara pulsatile.^[40]A na-agbakọ nha nha nha ọkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara na nha ọkụ infrared site na onye nrụpụta (nke na-anọchi anya oke hemoglobin oxygenated na haemoglobin deoxygenated), a ga-atụgharịkwa oke a ka ọ bụrụ SpO.₂site na processor site atebụl nchọ^[40]dabere naIwu Beer-Lambert.^[39]Nkewa nke mgbaàmà na-arụkwa ọrụ ndị ọzọ: plethysmograph waveform ("pleth wave") nke na-anọchi anya akara ngosi pulsatile na-egosipụtakarị maka ihe ngosi nke pulses yana àgwà mgbaàmà,^[41]na ọnụọgụgụ dị n'etiti nnabata pulsatile na baseline ("index perfusion") enwere ike iji nyochaa perfusion.^[25]

A na-etinye nyocha pulse oximeter na mkpịsị aka mmadụ

Oximeter pulse bụ angwaọrụ ahụikenke na-enyocha saturation oxygen nke onye ọrịa n'ụzọ na-apụtaghị ìhèọbara(na-emegide ịlele saturation oxygen ozugbo site na nlele ọbara) na mgbanwe n'ọbara ọbara na akpụkpọ ahụ, na-emepụtaphotoplethysmogramnke enwere ike hazie ya n'imenha ndị ọzọ.^[41]Enwere ike itinye oximeter pulse n'ime ihe nleba anya onye ọrịa multiparameter.Ọtụtụ ndị nlekota na-egosipụtakwa ọnụego usu.Oximeter pulse nke nwere ike ibugharị, batrị na-arụkwakwa maka ibugharị ma ọ bụ nlebanya ikuku oxygen n'ụlọ.

Uru[dezie]

Pulse oximetry dị mma karịsịa makaadịghị emerụ ahụna-aga n'ihu na-atụ nke ọbara oxygen saturation.N'ụzọ dị iche, a ga-ekpebi ọkwa gas dị n'ọbara n'ụlọ nyocha n'ihe nlele ọbara esepụtara.Pulse oximetry bara uru n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla ebe onye ọrịa nọoxygenationna-ejighị n'aka, gụnyerenlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, ịrụ ọrụ, mgbake, ọnọdụ mberede na ntọala ụlọ ọgwụ,ndị na-anya ụgbọ eluN'ime ụgbọ elu enweghị nrụgide, maka nyocha nke oxygenation nke onye ọrịa ọ bụla, na ikpebi ịdị irè nke ma ọ bụ mkpa maka mgbakwunye.oxygen.Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji oximeter pulse elele oxygenation, ọ nweghị ike ikpebi metabolism oxygen, ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ oxygen nke onye ọrịa na-eji.Maka nzube a, ọ dị mkpa iji tụọkwacarbon dioxide(CO₂) ọkwa.O kwere omume na a pụkwara iji ya chọpụta ihe na-adịghị mma na ikuku ventilashion.Otú ọ dị, iji a pulse oximeter chọpụtahypoventilationỌ bụ naanị mgbe ndị ọrịa na-ekuku ikuku ụlọ ka enwere ike ịchọpụta ihe na-adịghị mma na ọrụ iku ume site na iji ya.Ya mere, nchịkwa oge niile nke ikuku oxygen na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ikuku oxygen zuru oke na ikuku ụlọ, ebe ọ nwere ike ịkpata hypoventilation na-aga n'ihu.^[42]

N'ihi ịdị mfe nke ojiji ha na ikike inye ụkpụrụ saturation oxygen na-aga n'ihu na ozugbo, pulse oximeters dị oke mkpa.ọgwụ mberedema dịkwa oke uru maka ndị ọrịa nwere nsogbu iku ume ma ọ bụ obi, ọkachasịCOPD, ma ọ bụ maka nyocha nke ụfọdụnsogbu ihi ụradị kaapneanahypopnea.^[43]Igwe oximeter pulse nke na-arụ ọrụ batrị bara uru maka ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụgbọ elu anaghị arụ ọrụ n'elu 10,000 feet (3,000 m) ma ọ bụ 12,500 feet (3,800 m) na US^[44]ebe achọrọ mgbakwunye oxygen.Oximeter pulse nwere ike ibugharị bara uru maka ndị na-arị ugwu na ndị na-eme egwuregwu nke ọkwa oxygen ha nwere ike ibelata na eluelu ugwuma ọ bụ na mgbatị ahụ.Ụfọdụ obere pulse oximeters na-eji ngwanrọ na-edepụta oxygen na pulse ọbara onye ọrịa, na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ncheta iji lelee ọkwa oxygen dị n'ọbara.

Ọganihu njikọta na nso nso a emewokwa ka ndị ọrịa nwee ike na-enyocha saturation oxygen n'ọbara ha n'ihu na-enweghị njikọ eriri na igwe nleba anya ụlọ ọgwụ, na-achụghị mgbaba nke data onye ọrịa laghachi na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndina yana sistemu onyunyo onye ọrịa.Masimo Radius PPG, ewebata na 2019, na-enye tetherless pulse oximetry site na iji teknụzụ mmịpụta nke Masimo, na-enye ndị ọrịa ohere ịgagharị n'enweghị nsogbu na ntụsara ahụ ka a na-enyocha ya na ntụkwasị obi.^[45]Radius PPG nwekwara ike iji Bluetooth echedoro kekọrịta data onye ọrịa ozugbo na ekwentị ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ smart ọzọ.^[46]

Oke[dezie]

Pulse oximetry na-atụ naanị saturation hemoglobin, ọ bụghịikuku ventilashionma ọ bụghị ihe nleba anya zuru oke nke ume iku ume.Ọ bụghị ihe nnọchi anyaikuku ọbaraenyocha ya na ụlọ nyocha, n'ihi na ọ naghị enye ihe ngosi nke ụkọ isi, ọkwa carbon dioxide, ọbarapH, ma ọ bụbicarbonate(HCO₃^-) itinye uche.Enwere ike ịlele metabolism nke oxygen ngwa ngwa site na nleba anya CO₂, ma ọnụ ọgụgụ saturation enyeghị ozi gbasara ọdịnaya oxygen ọbara.Ọtụtụ n'ime ikuku oxygen dị n'ọbara na-ebu haemoglobin;na anaemia siri ike, ọbara nwere obere hemoglobin, nke n'agbanyeghị na ọ jujuru ya enweghị ike ibu oxygen.

Enwere ike ịkpata ọgụgụ dị ala na-ezighi ezihypoperfusionnke nsọtụ nke a na-eji maka nleba anya (na-abụkarị n'ihi ụkwụ na-ajụ oyi, ma ọ bụ site navasoconstrictionnke abụọ ijivasopressorndị ọrụ);ngwa ihe mmetụta na-ezighi ezi;nke ukwuuenweghị ucheakpụkpọ anụ;ma ọ bụ mmegharị (dị ka ịma jijiji), karịsịa n'oge hypoperfusion.Iji hụ na izi ezi, ihe mmetụta ahụ kwesịrị iweghachite ụdị ebili mmiri na/ma ọ bụ pulse kwụ ọtọ.Teknụzụ Pulse oximetry dị iche na ikike ha iji nye data ziri ezi n'oge ọnọdụ ngagharị na obere perfusion.^[12][9]

Pulse oximetry abụghịkwa ihe nleba anya zuru oke nke ikuku oxygen na-ekesa.Ọ bụrụ na ezughị okeọbarama ọ bụ ezughị ezu haemoglobin n'ime ọbara (anaemia), anụ ahụ nwere ike ịta ahụhụhypoxian'agbanyeghị nnukwu ikuku oxygen saturation.

Ebe ọ bụ na pulse oximetry na-atụ naanị pasentị nke hemoglobin a kpara akpa, ọgụgụ ụgha dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala ga-eme mgbe haemoglobin na-ejikọta na ihe na-abụghị oxygen:

• Hemoglobin nwere njikọ dị elu na carbon monoxide karịa ka ọ na-adị na oxygen, na ọgụgụ dị elu nwere ike ime n'agbanyeghị na onye ọrịa ahụ bụ hypoxemic n'ezie.N'ọnọdụ nkecarbon monoxide nsi, nke a na-ezighị ezi nwere ike igbu oge na ude nkehypoxia(obere ikuku oxygen cellular).
• Nsi cyanidena-enye ọgụgụ dị elu n'ihi na ọ na-ebelata mmịpụta oxygen site na ọbara akwara.N'okwu a, ọgụgụ ahụ abụghị ụgha, ebe ọ bụ na ikuku oxygen dị n'ọbara dị elu n'ezie na nsị cyanide n'oge.^{[nkọwa dị mkpa]}
• Methemoglobinemianjirimara na-ebute agụ oximetry pulse na etiti 80s.
• COPD [karịsịa bronchitis na-adịghị ala ala] nwere ike ịkpata ịgụ akwụkwọ ụgha.^[47]

Ụzọ na-adịghị emerụ ahụ nke na-enye ohere ịlele dyshemoglobins na-aga n'ihu bụ pulseCO-oximeter, nke Masimo wuru na 2005.^[48]Site na iji ogologo wavelength ọzọ,^[49]ọ na-enye ndị dọkịta ụzọ iji tụọ dyshemoglobins, carboxyhemoglobin, na methemoglobin yana mkpokọta hemoglobin.^[50]

Ojiji na-abawanye[dezie]

Dika akuko nke iData Research si kwuo, US pulse oximetry monitoring market maka akụrụngwa na sensọ karịrị nde USD 700 na 2011.^[51]

Na 2008, ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị na-emepụta akụrụngwa ọgwụ na mba ụwa na-ebupụChinabụ ndị na-emepụta pulse oximeters.^[52]

Nchọpụta mbụ nke COVID-19[dezie]

A na-eji pulse oximeters nyere aka na nchọpụta mmalite nkeCOVID-19Ọrịa na-efe efe, nke nwere ike ibute nrịbama ikuku oxygen dị ala na hypoxia na mbụ.Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Timeskọrọ na "ndị ọrụ ahụike kewara ma a ga-atụ aro ileba anya n'ụlọ na pulse oximeter n'ọtụtụ ebe n'oge Covid-19.Nnyocha nke ntụkwasị obi na-egosi nsonaazụ dị iche iche, ma enwere ntakịrị ntụzịaka maka otu esi ahọrọ otu.Mana ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-adụ ndị ọrịa ọdụ ka ha nweta otu, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ngwa nke ọrịa na-efe efe. ”^[53]

Hụkwa:Photoplethysmogram

N'ihi mgbanwe nke oke ọbara na akpụkpọ ahụ, aplethysmographicenwere ike ịhụ mgbanwe na mgbama ọkụ natara (nfefe) site na ihe mmetụta na oximeter.Enwere ike ịkọwa mgbanwe dị ka aọrụ oge, nke n'aka nke ya nwere ike kewaa n'ime akụkụ DC (ọnụahịa kacha elu)^[a]yana akụrụngwa AC (pak mwepu ndagwurugwu).^[54]Oke nke akụrụngwa AC na mpaghara DC, nke egosipụtara dị ka pasent, ka amara dị ka nke(mpaghara)perfusionindex(Pi) maka pulse, ma na-enwekarị oke nke 0.02% ruo 20%.^[55]Ntụle mbụ a na-akpọpulse oximetry plethysmographic(POP) na-atụ naanị akụrụngwa "AC", ma ejiri aka ya nweta pikselụ nyocha.^[56][25]

Pleth mgbanwe index(PVI) bụ ihe nleba anya mgbanwe nke ndezigharị perfusion, nke na-eme n'oge usoro iku ume.Na mgbakọ na mwepụ a na-agbakọ ya dị ka (Pi_max- Pi_min)/Pi_max× 100%, ebe ụkpụrụ Pi kacha na kacha nta sitere na otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ usoro iku ume.^[54]E gosiputara na ọ bụ ihe bara uru, nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ nke na-anabata nnabata mmiri na-aga n'ihu maka ndị ọrịa na-ahụ maka njikwa mmiri.^[25] Pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform njupụta(ΔPOP) bụ usoro ihe atụ nke mbụ maka ojiji na POP ejiri aka nweta, gbakọọ dị ka (POP)_max- POP_min)/(POP_max+ POP_min)*2.^[56]

• Gas ọbara akwara
• Igwe onyonyo
• Integrated pulmonary index
• nlekota iku ume
• Ngwa ahụike
• Igwe ikuku ikuku
• Ihe mmetụta oxygen
• Oxygen saturation
• Photoplethysmogram, ịlele carbon dioxide (CO₂) na ikuku iku ume
• apnea ụra
• Ulaif

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