Ma electrode

Gel Yonyowa Kapena Ikani Ndi Electrolytes

Zomwe zimapangidwira kapena zowoneka bwino za sing'anga yolumikizana ndizofunikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri ma electrolyte amakongoletsedwa ndi chinthu cha gel kapena amakhala mu siponji kapena zovala zofewa.Ma electrocardiogram (ECG) ma elekitirodi amalonda nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati zida zopangira kale kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi, ndipo sing'angayo imatha kukhala ndi zoteteza kuti ziwonjezere moyo wosungira, kapena tinthu tating'ono ta quartz totupa pakhungu.

Nthawi zambiri, ma ionic kuyenda choncho madutsidwe mu mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe phala ndi otsika kuposa madzi.Ma electrolyte onyowa okwera kwambiri (> 1%) amalowa pakhungu mwachangu, ndi nthawi yokhazikika yomwe nthawi zambiri imanenedwa kukhala yadongosolo la 10 min (Tregear, 1966; Almasi et al., 1970; McAdams et al., 1991b).Komabe, kwenikweni ndondomekoyi si yowonjezereka (monga momwe kufalikira sikuli), ndipo kungapitirire kwa maola ndi masiku (Grimnes, 1983a) (onani Chithunzi 4.20).The malowedwe amphamvu ndi apamwamba ndende electrolyte, komanso kwambiri khungu lokwiya.NaCl imaloledwa bwino ndi khungu la munthu pamtunda waukulu kuposa ma electrolyte ena ambiri.Chithunzi 7.5 chikuwonetsa kulowa kwa electrolyte pakhungu pa maola 4 oyambirira pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa electrode pakhungu.Kulepheretsa kwa 1 Hz kumayendetsedwa ndi stratum corneum electrolyte, ndi zopereka zosakwana 1% kuchokera ku electrode yake yaing'ono-signal polarizing impedance.Ngati ma ducts a thukuta adzazidwa kapena angodzazidwa posachedwa, mayendedwe a ma ducts amalepheretsa kutsekeka kwakukulu kwa dry stratum corneum.

Ma conductivity σ a mafuta odzola/pastas omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi awa: Redux creme (Hewlett Packard) 10.6 S/m, Electrode creme (Grass) 3.3 S/m, Beckman-Offner paste 17 S/m, NASA Flight phala 7.7 S/m , ndi NASA electrode cream 1.2 S/m.NASA Flight phala ili ndi 9% NaCl, 3% potassium chloride (KCl), ndi 3% calcium chloride (CaCl), onse 15% (kulemera) kwa electrolyte.Phala la electroencephalogram (EEG) lalitali likhoza kukhala ndi 45% KCl.

Poyerekeza, 0.9% NaCl (ndi kulemera kwake) physiological saline solution imakhala ndi conductivity ya 1.4 S / m;gel osakaniza motero ndi ma electrolyte amphamvu.Madzi a m’nyanja ali ndi mchere wa 3.5%, ndipo Nyanja Yakufa ili ndi mchere wopitirira 25% wokhala ndi 50% MgCl2, 30% NaCl, 14% CaCl2, ndi 6% KCl.Izi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mchere wamadzi a m'nyanja (NaCl 97% ya mchere wonse).Nyanja Yakufa imatchedwa kuti “yakufa” chifukwa chakuti imakhala ndi mchere wambiri, imalepheretsa zomera ndi nsomba kukhala mmenemo.

Zochitika zasonyeza kuti gel osakaniza amphamvu, m'pamenenso amalowera mofulumira pakhungu ndi thukuta.Komabe, zochitika zapakhungu monga kuyabwa kwa khungu ndi reddening zimathamanganso.Pakuyezetsa mwachangu kwa ECG, ma gels amphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito;pakuwunika masiku, gel osakaniza ayenera kukhala ofooka.Anthu ambiri amayamikira maola osamba m'madzi a m'nyanja, kotero kuti mchere wa 3.5% nthawi zambiri uyenera kukhala wovomerezeka.

Pochita ntchito ya electrodermal (Chaputala 10.3), gel osakaniza ayenera kukhala ndi mchere wochepa kuti atsimikize kutulutsa mwamsanga kwa ma ducts.