Impanuka ya oximetry

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Impanuka ya oximetryni anoninvasiveuburyo bwo gukurikirana umuntuumwuka wa ogisijeni.Nubwo isoma ryuzuye rya ogisijeni ya periferique (SpO₂) ntabwo buri gihe bisa nibisomwa cyane byo gusoma kwa arterial ogisijene (SaO)₂) kuvagaze y'amarasoisesengura, byombi bifitanye isano bihagije kuburyo uburyo bwizewe, bworoshye, butavogerwa, uburyo buhendutse bwa pulse oximetry bufite agaciro mugupima umwuka wa ogisijeni muriivuriroKoresha.

Muburyo busanzwe (transmissive) uburyo bwo gusaba, igikoresho cya sensor gishyirwa mubice bito byumubiri wumurwayi, mubisanzwe aurutokicyangwaugutwi, cyangwa mu gihe cya anuruhinja, hejuru y'ikirenge.Igikoresho kinyuza imirongo ibiri yumucyo unyuze mugice cyumubiri kuri fotodetekeri.Ipima ihinduka ryinjira kuri buri kimwe cyauburebure, Kwemerera Kugena iKwinjirakubera impanukamarasowenyine, ukuyemomaraso y'amaraso, uruhu, amagufwa, imitsi, ibinure, na (mubihe byinshi) imisumari.^[1]

Impinduka ya pulse oximetry nuburyo busanzwe busanzwe bwo kwanduza impiswi.Ubu buryo ntabwo busaba igice cyoroshye cyumubiri wumuntu bityo rero kikaba gikwiranye no gukoreshwa kwisi yose nkibirenge, agahanga, nigituza, ariko kandi bifite aho bigarukira.Vasodilation hamwe no guhuriza hamwe amaraso yimitsi mumutwe kubera gusubirana kwamaraso kugaruka kumutima birashobora gutera guhuza imitsi ya arterial na venine mu gahanga kandi biganisha kuri SpO idasanzwe.₂ibisubizo.Ibihe nkibi bibaho mugihe urimo gutera anesthesia hamweendubracheal intubationno guhumeka imashini cyangwa mubarwayi muriUmwanya wa Trendelenburg.^[2]

Ibirimo

• 1Amateka
• 2Imikorere
• 3Icyerekezo
  • 3.1 Inyungu
  • 3.2
  • 3.3 Kongera imikoreshereze
  • 3.4 Kumenya neza COVID-19
  • Ibipimo byatanzwe
  • 5 Reba kandi
  • 6Inyandiko
  • 7Ibyifuzo
  • 8Ihuza ryo hanze

Mu 1935, umuganga w’Ubudage Karl Matthes (1905–1962) yateje ugutwi kwambere uburebure bwa O.₂metero yuzuye hamwe numutuku nicyatsi muyunguruzi (nyuma itukura na infragre muyunguruzi).Metero ye nicyo gikoresho cya mbere cyapimye O.₂kwiyuzuzamo.^[3]

Oximeter yumwimerere yakozwe naGlenn Allan Millikanmuri 1940.^[4]Mu 1949, Wood yongeyeho capsule yumuvuduko kugirango akure amaraso mumatwi kugirango abone O rwose₂agaciro kuzuye mugihe amaraso yasubiwemo.Igitekerezo gisa nu munsi wa pulse oximetry isanzwe, ariko byari bigoye kubishyira mubikorwa kubera kudahungabanaAmafoton'amasoko y'umucyo;uyumunsi ubu buryo ntabwo bukoreshwa mubuvuzi.Mu 1964, Shaw yakusanyije bwa mbere oximeter yo gusoma yamatwi, yakoresheje uburebure bwumucyo umunani.

Pulse oximetry yakozwe mu 1972, naTakuo Aoyagina Michio Kishi, bioengineers, kuriNihon Kohdenukoresheje igipimo cyumutuku na infragre yumucyo winjiza ibice bya pulsating ahapimwe.Susumu Nakajima, umuganga ubaga, na bagenzi be babanje gupima icyo gikoresho abarwayi, babitangaza mu 1975.^[5]Yacuruzwaga naBioxmu 1980.^[6][5][7]

Kugeza 1987, urwego rwo kwita kubuyobozi bwa anesthetic muri Amerika harimo pulse oximetry.Kuva mucyumba cyo gukoreramo, ikoreshwa rya pulse oximetry ryakwirakwiriye vuba mu bitaro, mbere kugezaibyumba byo gukira, hanyuma Kuriibice byitaweho cyane.Pulse oximetry yari ifite agaciro kanini mubice bya neonatal aho abarwayi badatera imbere hamwe na ogisijeni idahagije, ariko ogisijeni nyinshi hamwe nihindagurika ryinshi rya ogisijeni birashobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza cyangwa ubuhumyi buturuka.retinopathie yo kutaragera(ROP).Byongeye kandi, kubona gaze yamaraso ya arterial kumurwayi wavutse birababaza umurwayi nimpamvu nyamukuru itera kubura amaraso.^[8]Ibikorwa byimodoka birashobora kuba imbogamizi ikomeye mugukurikirana pulse oximetry bigatuma habaho gutabaza kenshi no gutakaza amakuru.Ibi ni ukubera ko mugihe cyo kugenda no hasi ya peripheriparufe, okisimeteri nyinshi ntishobora gutandukanya amaraso ya arterial n'amaraso yimitsi yimitsi, biganisha ku kudaha agaciro kuzuye ogisijeni.Ubushakashatsi bwambere bwimikorere ya pulse oximetry mugihe cyerekanwe byerekanwe neza intege nke za tekinoroji isanzwe ya okisimetriya ikora ibihangano.^[9][10]

Mu 1995,MasimoYatangije Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gukuramo Ibimenyetso (SET) rishobora gupima neza mugihe cyimikorere yabarwayi hamwe na parufe nkeya mugutandukanya ibimenyetso bya arterial nu mitsi nibindi bimenyetso.Kuva icyo gihe, abakora pulse oximetry bakoze algorithm nshya kugirango bagabanye ibimenyetso bitari byo mugihe cyo kugenda^[11]nko kwagura inshuro zingana cyangwa gukonjesha agaciro kuri ecran, ariko ntibavuga gupima ibihe bihinduka mugihe cyimikorere na parufe nkeya.Rero, haracyari itandukaniro ryingenzi mumikorere ya pulse oximeter mugihe kitoroshye.^[12]Muri 1995 kandi, Masimo yashyizeho indangagaciro ya parufe, agereranya amplitude ya periferiyaYamazakiUmuhengeri.Indangantego ya Perfusion yerekanwe ifasha abaganga guhanura ubukana bwindwara nibisubizo byubuhumekero hakiri kare muri neonates,^[13][14][15]vuga hejuru ya vena cava itemba cyane mubana bavutse cyane,^[16]tanga ikimenyetso cyambere cya sympathectomy nyuma ya anesthesia epidural,^[17]no kunoza gutahura indwara zikomeye z'umutima zavutse.^[18]

Impapuro zasohotse zagereranije tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso nubundi buhanga bwa pulse oximetry kandi byagaragaje ibisubizo byiza muburyo bwo gukuramo ibimenyetso.^[9][12][19]Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso pulse oximetry nayo yerekanwe guhindura mugufasha abaganga kunoza umusaruro wabarwayi.Mu bushakashatsi bumwe, retinopathie yo kutaragera (kwangirika kw'amaso) yagabanutseho 58% mu bana bavutse bafite ibiro bike cyane bavuka ku kigo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo ibimenyetso, mu gihe nta kugabanuka kwa retinopathie yo kubyara hakiri kare ku kindi kigo hamwe n'abaganga bamwe bakoresheje protocole imwe ariko hamwe na tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso.^[20]Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso pulse oximetry itera gupima gazi nkeya ya arterial, gupima vuba umwuka wa ogisijeni, gukoresha sensor nkeya, hamwe nuburebure bwo kumara.^[21]Gupima-kunyura hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa parufe yanayemereye gukoreshwa ahantu hambere hatagenzuwe nko muri etage rusange, aho impuruza zitari zo zagiye zangiza impiswi zisanzwe.Nkikimenyetso cyibi, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu mwaka wa 2010 bwerekana ko abaganga bo mu kigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Dartmouth-Hitchcock bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo ibimenyetso bya pulse oximetry mu igorofa rusange bashoboye kugabanya ibikorwa by’itsinda ryihuse, kwimura ICU, n’iminsi ya ICU.^[22]Mu mwaka wa 2020, ubushakashatsi bwakurikiranye ku kigo kimwe bwerekanye ko mu myaka icumi ishize ukoresheje pulse oximetry hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo ibimenyetso, hamwe na gahunda yo kugenzura abarwayi, habaye impfu z’abarwayi zeru kandi nta barwayi bagiriwe nabi na opioide iterwa no kwiheba. mugihe igenzura rihoraho ryakoreshwaga.^[23]

Muri 2007, Masimo yerekanye ibipimo byambere byaindangagaciro.^[24][25][26]Urwego rukwiye rw'amazi ni ingenzi mu kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na nyuma yo kubagwa no kuzamura umusaruro w'abarwayi: ingano y'amazi ari make cyane (munsi ya hydration) cyangwa hejuru cyane (hejuru ya hydration) byagaragaye ko bigabanya gukira ibikomere no kongera ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa indwara z'umutima.^[27]Vuba aha, Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuzima mu Bwongereza hamwe n’umuryango w’Abafaransa Anesthesia na Critical Care Society bashyize ahagaragara igenzura rya PVI mu rwego rw’ingamba batanze zo gucunga neza amazi.^[28][29]

Mu mwaka wa 2011, itsinda ry’inzobere ryasabye ko abana bavuka bakoresheje pulse oximetry kugirango bongere kumenyaindwara zikomeye z'umutima(CCHD).^[30]Itsinda ryakazi rya CCHD ryatanze ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bubiri bunini, buteganijwe ku masomo 59.876 yakoresheje gusa tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso kugirango yongere imenyekanisha rya CCHD hamwe nibyiza bitari byiza.^[31][32]Itsinda ryakazi rya CCHD ryasabye kwipimisha kuvuka gukorerwa hamwe na pulse oximetry yihanganira kugenda nayo yemejwe mugihe gito cya parufe.Mu mwaka wa 2011, Umunyamabanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’ubuzima n’ibikorwa by’abantu yongeyeho pulse oximetry mu nama isabwa yo gusuzuma imwe.^[33]Mbere y'ibimenyetso byo kwipimisha ukoresheje tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso, munsi ya 1% y'abana bavutse muri Amerika barapimwe.Uyu munsi,UrufatiroYanditse hafi yo kwerekanwa kwisi yose muri Amerika kandi kwerekanwa mpuzamahanga biriyongera cyane.^[34]Muri 2014, ubushakashatsi bunini bwa gatatu bwakorewe ku 122.738 bavutse ari nabwo bwifashishije ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuramo ibimenyetso byerekanye ibisubizo bisa, byiza nk'ubushakashatsi bubiri bwa mbere.^[35]

Impanuka-nini ya pulse oximetry (HRPO) yashyizweho kugirango isinzire murugo gusinzira apnea no kwipimisha kubarwayi badakwiye gukorapolysomnography.^[36][37]Irabika kandi ikandika byombiigipimo cya pulsena SpO2 mu ntera 1 isegonda kandi yerekanwe mubushakashatsi bumwe kugirango ifashe gutahura ibitotsi bidahumeka neza kubarwayi babaga.^[38]

Absorption spectra ya ogisijeni ya hemoglobine (HbO2) na hemoglobine deoxygene (Hb) kuburebure bwumutuku na infragre.

Uruhande rwimbere rwa oximeter

Monitori ya ogisijeni yerekana ijanisha ryamaraso yuzuye ogisijeni.By'umwihariko, ipima ijanisha ryahemoglobin, poroteyine mu maraso itwara ogisijeni, iremerewe.Ibipimo byemewe kubarwayi badafite indwara ya pulmonary kuva kuri 95 kugeza 99%.Ku murwayi uhumeka icyumba umwuka cyangwa hafiurwego rw'inyanja, ikigereranyo cya arterial pO₂irashobora gukorwa muri monite-maraso“Kwuzura ogisijeni ya periferiya”(SpO₂) gusoma.

Ubusanzwe pulse oximeter ikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike hamwe na bitodiode itanga urumuri(LED) ireba aYamazakiunyuze mu gice cyoroshye cyumubiri wumurwayi, mubisanzwe urutoki cyangwa gutwi.LED imwe itukura, hamweuburebureya 660 nm, naho ubundi niinfraredhamwe n'uburebure bwa 940 nm.Gukuramo urumuri kuri ubu burebure butandukanye cyane hagati yamaraso yuzuye ogisijeni namaraso abura ogisijeni.Oxygene ya hemoglobine ikurura urumuri rwinshi kandi rutuma urumuri rutukura runyura.Deoxygene hemoglobine ituma urumuri rwinshi rutambuka kandi rugatwara urumuri rutukura.LEDs ikurikirana ikizunguruka cyayo kuri imwe, hanyuma iyindi, hanyuma ikazimya inshuro zigera kuri mirongo itatu kumasegonda ituma Photodiode isubiza urumuri rutukura na infragre zitandukanye kandi ikanahindura urumuri rwibanze.^[39]

Ingano yumucyo woherezwa (muyandi magambo, itakiriwe) irapimwa, kandi ibimenyetso bitandukanye bisanzwe bikorerwa kuri buri burebure.Ibi bimenyetso bihindagurika mugihe kuko ubwinshi bwamaraso ya arterial ahari ariyongera (mubyukuri pulses) hamwe na buri mutima wumutima.Mugukuramo urumuri ntarengwa rwoherejwe ruva mumucyo wanduye muri buri burebure, ingaruka zizindi ngingo zirakosorwa, bikabyara ibimenyetso bikomeza kumaraso ya arsatial pulsatile.^[40]Ikigereranyo cyumucyo utukura wapimye urumuri rwa infrarafarike noneho ubarwa nuwutunganya (ugereranya ikigereranyo cya ogisijeni hemoglobine na deogisijene hemoglobine), hanyuma iki kigereranyo kigahinduka muri SpO₂nuwitunganya akoresheje aImbonerahamwe^[40]Bishingiye kuInzoga - Lambert.^[39]Gutandukanya ibimenyetso nabyo bikora izindi ntego: plethysmograph waveform (“pleth wave”) yerekana ibimenyetso bya pulsatile mubisanzwe byerekanwe kumashusho yerekana impiswi kimwe nubwiza bwibimenyetso,^[41]n'ikigereranyo cy'umubare hagati ya pulsatile no kwinjiza ibice (“indangagaciro“) Irashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma parufe.^[25]

Impanuka ya oximeter ikoreshwa kurutoki rwumuntu

Impanuka ya oxyde ni aibikoresho by'ubuvuziikurikirana mu buryo butaziguye umwuka wa ogisijeni w’umurwayimaraso.Yamazakiibyo birashobora gukomeza gutunganywaibindi bipimo.^[41]Impanuka ya oxyde irashobora kwinjizwa muri monitor ya Multarameter.Abakurikirana benshi nabo bagaragaza igipimo cya pulse.Igendanwa, ikoreshwa na batiri ya pulse oximeter iraboneka no gutwara cyangwa kugenzura amaraso-ogisijeni murugo.

Ibyiza[Hindura]

Pulse oximetry iroroshye cyane kurinoninvasivegupima guhoraho kwamaraso ya ogisijeni.Ibinyuranye, urugero rwa gaze yamaraso igomba kugenwa muri laboratoire ku cyitegererezo cyamaraso.Pulse oximetry ni ingirakamaro muburyo ubwo aribwo umurwayiokisijenini idahindagurika, harimoubuvuzi bukomeye, gukora, gukira, ibyihutirwa n'ibitaro bya ward,Abaderevumu ndege zidakandamijwe, kugirango hasuzumwe ogisijeni uwo ari we wese, no kumenya imikorere cyangwa ibikenewe byiyongeraogisijeni.Nubwo impiswi ya oxyde ikoreshwa mu gukurikirana ogisijeni, ntishobora kumenya metabolisme ya ogisijeni, cyangwa urugero rwa ogisijeni ikoreshwa n'umurwayi.Kubwiyi ntego, birakenewe no gupimaDioxyde de carbone(CO₂) urwego.Birashoboka ko ishobora no gukoreshwa mugutahura ibintu bidasanzwe muguhumeka.Ariko, ikoreshwa rya pulse oximeter kugirango tumenyehypoventilationibangamiwe no gukoresha ogisijeni yinyongera, kuko iyo abarwayi bahumeka umwuka wicyumba nibwo ibintu bidasanzwe mumikorere yubuhumekero bishobora kugaragara neza hamwe no kuyikoresha.Kubwibyo, imiyoborere isanzwe ya ogisijeni yinyongera irashobora kuba idafite ishingiro mugihe umurwayi ashoboye kugumana umwuka wa ogisijeni uhagije mumyuka yicyumba, kuko bishobora kuvamo hypoventilation itamenyekanye.^[42]

Kubera ubworoherane bwikoreshwa ryabo hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga indangagaciro zuzuye kandi zihita zuzuza ogisijeni, okisimeteri ya pulse ifite akamaro kanini muriubuvuzi bwihutirwakandi ningirakamaro cyane kubarwayi bafite ibibazo byubuhumekero cyangwa umutima, cyane cyaneCOPD, cyangwa kugirango basuzume bamwekubura ibitotsinkaapneanahypopnea.^[43]Imashini ya batiri ikoreshwa na pulse oximeter ni ingirakamaro kubaderevu bakorera mu ndege idafite ingufu hejuru ya metero 10,000 (metero 3.000) cyangwa metero 12.500 (m 3.800) muri Amerika^[44]aho hakenewe ogisijeni yinyongera.Oxymeter yimukanwa nayo ifite akamaro kubantu bazamuka imisozi nabakinnyi bafite urugero rwa ogisijeni ishobora kugabanuka hejuruubutumburukecyangwa imyitozo.Oximeter zimwe zishobora kwifashishwa zikoresha porogaramu ishushanya amaraso ya ogisijeni n'amaraso y'umurwayi, bikabibutsa gusuzuma urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso.

Iterambere rya vuba ryihuza naryo ryatumye ubu abarwayi bashoboka ko bagenzurwa n’amaraso ya ogisijeni mu maraso badafite aho bahurira n’umugenzuzi w’ibitaro, batitaye ku makuru y’abarwayi asubira ku bakurikirana ku buriri hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura abarwayi.Masimo Radius PPG, yatangijwe muri 2019, itanga okisimeteri idafite imbaraga ikoresheje tekinoroji yo gukuramo ibimenyetso bya Masimo, ituma abarwayi bagenda mu bwisanzure kandi neza mu gihe bagikurikiranwa kandi byizewe.^[45]Radius PPG irashobora kandi gukoresha Bluetooth itekanye kugirango isangire amakuru yabarwayi na terefone cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cyubwenge.^[46]

Imipaka[Hindura]

Pulse oximetry ipima gusa kwiyuzuza hemoglobine, ntabwoguhumekakandi ntabwo ari igipimo cyuzuye cyo guhumeka.Ntabwo ari umusimburaimyuka y'amarasokugenzurwa muri laboratoire, kubera ko idatanga ibimenyetso byerekana ibura fatizo, urugero rwa karuboni ya dioxyde, amarasopH, cyangwabicarbonate(HCO₃^-) kwibanda.Metabolism ya ogisijeni irashobora gupimwa byoroshye mugukurikirana CO yarangiye₂, ariko imibare yuzuye ntabwo itanga amakuru kubyerekeye ogisijeni yamaraso.Hafi ya ogisijeni iri mu maraso itwarwa na hemoglobine;mu kubura amaraso make, amaraso arimo hemoglobine nkeya, nubwo yuzuyemo idashobora gutwara ogisijeni nyinshi.

Gusoma nabi gusoma birashobora guterwa nahypoperfusionyo gukabya gukoreshwa mugukurikirana (akenshi biterwa ningingo ikonje, cyangwa kuvavasoconstrictionkabiri ku ikoreshwa ryavasopressorabakozi);porogaramu itari yo;cyanebahamagayeuruhu;cyangwa kugenda (nko guhinda umushyitsi), cyane cyane mugihe cya hypoperfusion.Kugirango umenye neza, sensor igomba gusubiza impiswi ihamye hamwe na / cyangwa pulse yumurongo.Pulse oximetry tekinoroji iratandukanye mubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga amakuru yukuri mugihe cyimikorere na parufe nkeya.^[12][9]

Pulse oximetry nayo ntabwo igipimo cyuzuye cya ogisijeni ihagije.Niba bidahagijegutembera kw'amarasocyangwa hemoglobine idahagije mumaraso (kubura amaraso), imyenda irashobora kubabarahypoxianubwo arterial yuzuye ogisijeni.

Kubera ko pulse oximetry ipima gusa ijanisha rya hemoglobine ihujwe, gusoma hejuru cyangwa kubeshya gusoma bizabaho mugihe hemoglobine ihuza ikindi kintu kitari ogisijeni:

• Hemoglobine ifitanye isano na monoxyde de carbone kuruta uko ikora ogisijeni, kandi gusoma cyane birashobora kubaho nubwo umurwayi yaba ari hypoxemic.Mu bihe byauburozi bwa karubone, uku kudasobanuka kurashobora gutinza kumenyekana kwahypoxia(urwego ruke rwa ogisijeni ya selile).
• Uburozi bwa Cyanideitanga gusoma cyane kuko igabanya gukuramo ogisijeni mumaraso ya arterial.Muri iki gihe, gusoma ntabwo ari ibinyoma, kuko ogisijeni yamaraso ya arterial iba mwinshi muburozi bwa cyanide kare.^{[Ibisobanuro birakenewe]}
• Methemoglobinemiabiranga gutera pulse oximetry gusoma hagati ya 80.
• COPD [cyane cyane bronchite idakira] irashobora gutera gusoma nabi.^[47]

Uburyo budahwitse butuma gupima guhoraho kwa dyshemoglobine ni pulseCO-oximeter, yubatswe mu 2005 na Masimo.^[48]Ukoresheje uburebure bwinyongera,^[49]itanga abaganga uburyo bwo gupima dyshemoglobine, carboxyhemoglobin, na methemoglobine hamwe na hemoglobine yose.^[50]

Kongera imikoreshereze[Hindura]

Raporo yakozwe n’ubushakashatsi bwa iData ivuga ko isoko ryo kugenzura Amerika impiswi ya oximetry y’ibikoresho na sensor byari hejuru ya miliyoni 700 USD muri 2011.^[51]

Muri 2008, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cyingenzi mu mahanga bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ibikoresho byo kwa muganga muriUbushinwabari abatanga pulse oximeter.^[52]

Kumenya hakiri kare COVID-19[Hindura]

Impanuka ya oximeter ikoreshwa mugufasha gutahura hakiri kareCOVID-19kwandura, bishobora gutera kubanza kutamenyekana kwinshi kwa arterial ogisijeni hamwe na hypoxia.Ikinyamakuru New York Timesyatangaje ko “abashinzwe ubuzima ntibavuga rumwe niba kugenzura urugo hamwe na oxyde ya pulse bigomba gusabwa ku buryo bugaragara mu gihe cya Covid-19.Ubushakashatsi bwokwizerwa bwerekana ibisubizo bivanze, kandi hariho ubuyobozi buke muburyo bwo guhitamo kimwe.Ariko abaganga benshi baragira inama abarwayi kubona imwe, bigatuma igana icyorezo cy'icyorezo. ”^[53]

Reba kandi:Yamazaki

Kubera ihinduka ryinshi ryamaraso muruhu, aYamazakigutandukana birashobora kugaragara mubimenyetso byurumuri byakiriwe (transmitance) na sensor kuri oximeter.Itandukaniro rishobora gusobanurwa nk aimikorere yigihe, nacyo gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bya DC (agaciro ka mpinga)^[a]n'ibigize AC (impinga ikuyemo ikibaya).^[54]Ikigereranyo cyibigize AC nibice bya DC, bigaragazwa nkijanisha, bizwi nka(periferique)parufeindangagaciro(Pi) kuri pulse, kandi mubisanzwe ifite intera ya 0.02% kugeza 20%.^[55]Igipimo cyambere cyitwapulse oximetry plethysmographic(POP) ipima gusa igice cya "AC", kandi gikomoka ku ntoki uhereye kuri pigiseli ya monitor.^[56][25]

Indangantego yo guhinduka(PVI) ni igipimo cyo guhinduka kwa indangagaciro ya parufe, ibaho mugihe cyo guhumeka.Imibare irabaze nka (Pi_max- Pi_min) / Pi_max× 100%, aho agaciro ntarengwa na Pi agaciro kava kumurongo umwe cyangwa myinshi yo guhumeka.^[54]Byerekanwe ko ari ikimenyetso cyingirakamaro, kidashishikaje cyerekana ubudahangarwa bw’amazi ku barwayi barimo gucunga amazi.^[25] Pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude)_max- POP_min) / (POP_maxPAPA_min) * 2.^[56]

• Umwuka w'amaraso
• Kwandika
• Indangantego yibihaha
• Gukurikirana ubuhumekero
• Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga
• Guhumeka
• Rukuruzi rwa Oxygene
• Umwuka wa Oxygene
• Yamazaki, gupima karuboni ya dioxyde (CO₂) mu myuka y'ubuhumekero
• Gusinzira
• Ulaif

1. ^Ubu busobanuro bwakoreshejwe na Masimo buratandukanye bitewe nagaciro gakoreshwa mugutunganya ibimenyetso;igamije gupima amaraso ya pulsatile arterial yinjira hejuru yibanze.

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