SpO2 ni iki?

Vuba, pulse oximetry (SpO2) yarushijeho kwitabwaho n’abaturage kuko abaganga bamwe basaba ko abarwayi basuzumwe na COVID-19 bakurikirana urwego rwabo rwa SpO2 murugo.Kubwibyo, birumvikana ko abantu benshi bibaza ngo "Niki SpO2?"bwa mbere.Ntugire ikibazo, nyamuneka soma hanyuma tuzakuyobora mubyo SpO2 aribyo nukubipima.

SpO2 isobanura kwiyuzuzamo amaraso ya ogisijeni. Abakuze bafite ubuzima bwiza bafite 95% -99% byuzuye, kandi gusoma byose biri munsi ya 89% mubisanzwe bitera impungenge.

Imisemburo ya pulse ikoresha igikoresho cyitwa pulse oximeter kugirango bapime urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso atukura.Igikoresho kizerekana ibyaweSpO2nkijanisha.Abantu barwaye ibihaha nk'indwara zidakira zifata ibihaha (COPD), asima cyangwa umusonga, cyangwa abantu bahagarika guhumeka by'agateganyo igihe basinziriye (gusinzira apnea) barashobora kugira urugero rwa SpO2.Pulse oximetry irashobora gutanga ubushobozi bwo kuburira hakiri kare kubibazo byinshi bifitanye isano nibihaha, niyo mpamvu abaganga bamwe basaba ko abarwayi babo COVID-19 bahora bakurikirana SpO2 yabo.Muri rusange, abaganga bakunze gupima SpO2 kubarwayi mugihe cyibizamini byoroshye, kuko ubu ni inzira yihuse kandi yoroshye yo kwerekana ibibazo byubuzima cyangwa kwirinda izindi ndwara.

Nubwo bizwi kuva mu 1860 ko hemoglobine ari igice cyamaraso itwara ogisijeni mumubiri wose, bizatwara imyaka 70 kugirango ubwo bumenyi bukoreshwe mumubiri wumuntu.Mu 1939, Karl Matthes yashyizeho umupayiniya wa oxyde ya kijyambere.Yahimbye igikoresho gikoresha urumuri rutukura na infragre kugirango rukomeze gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni mu gutwi kwa muntu.Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Glenn Millikan yashyizeho uburyo bwa mbere bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’umuriro w’umudereva mu gihe cyo hejuru cyane, yahujije oximeter y ugutwi (ijambo yahimbye) na sisitemu itanga ogisijeni mu masiki y’umuderevu igihe gusoma ogisijeni bigabanutse cyane.

Bioengineer ya Nihon Kohden Takuo Aoyagi yahimbye oximeter ya mbere nyayo mu 1972, ubwo yageragezaga gukoresha oximeter yo mu gutwi kugira ngo akurikirane uko irangi ry’irangi ripima umusaruro uva ku mutima.Mugihe yagerageje gushaka uburyo bwo kurwanya ibihangano byerekana ibimenyetso byatewe nimpyiko, yamenye ko urusaku rwatewe nimpiswi rwatewe rwose nimpinduka ziva mumaraso.Nyuma yimyaka itari mike akora, yashoboye gukora igikoresho cyumurambararo ibiri gikoresha impinduka mumaraso ya arterial kugirango apime neza igipimo cya ogisijeni yinjira mumaraso.Susumu Nakajima yakoresheje iryo koranabuhanga kugira ngo ategure verisiyo ya mbere y’ubuvuzi iboneka, maze atangira kwipimisha ku barwayi mu 1975. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980 ni bwo Biox yasohoye bwa mbere mu bucuruzi bwitwa pulse oximeter ku isoko ryita ku myanya y'ubuhumekero.Kugeza mu 1982, Biox yakiriye amakuru avuga ko ibikoresho byabo byakoreshejwe mu gupima ubwinshi bw’amaraso ya ogisijeni y’abarwayi batewe aneste mu gihe cyo kubagwa.Isosiyete yahise itangira akazi itangira guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byabugenewe kubushake bwa anesthesiologiste.Ibikorwa byo gupima SpO2 mugihe cyo kubagwa byamenyekanye vuba.Mu 1986, Umuryango w’Abanyamerika w’Abashakashatsi ba Anesthesiologiste wafashe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa oxydeire mu rwego rwo kwita ku barwayi.Hamwe n'iri terambere, pulse oximeter yakoreshejwe cyane muyandi mashami y'ibitaro, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurekura urutoki rwa mbere rwihagije rwitwa oximeter mu 1995.

Muri rusange, inzobere mu buvuzi zirashobora gukoresha ubwoko butatu bwibikoresho kugirango bapimeSpO2y'umurwayi: imikorere-myinshi cyangwa ibipimo byinshi, gukurikirana abarwayi, kuryama cyangwa gufata intoki oximeter cyangwa intoki ya oximeter.Ubwoko bubiri bwa mbere bwabashinzwe gukurikirana burashobora gupima abarwayi, kandi burashobora kwerekana cyangwa gucapa igishushanyo cyimpinduka zuzuye muri ogisijeni mugihe.Oximeter ya spot-cheque ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugufata amashusho yerekana ubwuzure bwumurwayi mugihe runaka, kubwibyo rero bikoreshwa cyane mugupimisha mumavuriro cyangwa mubiro byabaganga.