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Pulse oximetry

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Svetukira pakufambaSvetuka kutsvaga

Pulse oximetry

Tetherless pulse oximetry

Chinangwa

Kuongorora kuzara kweokisijeni yemunhu

Pulse oximetryari anoninvasivenzira yekuongorora munhuoxygen saturation.Kunyangwe kuverenga kwayo kweperipheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) haisi nguva dzose yakafanana nekuverenga kunodiwa kwe arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) kubvaarterial ropa gasikuongorora, maviri aya anoenderana zvakakwana zvekuti yakachengeteka, yakanakira, isingasviki, isingadhure pulse oximetry nzira yakakosha pakuyera oxygen saturation mu.klinikiuse.

Mune yakajairika (transmissive) application modhi, mudziyo we sensor unoiswa pachikamu chakatetepa chemuviri wemurwere, kazhinji a.munwekanaearlobe, kana kuti muchiitiko chemucheche, mhiri kwetsoka.Chigadzirwa chacho chinopfuudza mawavelength maviri echiedza kuburikidza nechikamu chemuviri kune photodetector.Iyo inoyera kuchinja kunyura pane imwe neimwe yewavelengths, zvichibvumira kuti ioneabsorbancesnekuda kwekupuruziraarterial bloodndega, kusasanganisavenous ropa, ganda, pfupa, tsandanyama, mafuta, uye (muzviitiko zvakawanda) mbambo yezvipikiri.[1]

Reflectance pulse oximetry inzira isingawanikwe kune transmissive pulse oximetry.Iyi nzira haidi chikamu chakatetepa chemuviri wemunhu uye saka yakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwepasi rose setsoka, huma, uye chipfuva, asi inewo zvimwe zvinogumira.Vasodilation uye kusanganiswa kweropa re venous mumusoro nekuda kwekukanganisa kudzoka kwe venous kumoyo kunogona kukonzera musanganiswa we arterial uye venous pulsations munharaunda yehuma uye kutungamirira kune spurious SpO.2mhinduro.Mamiriro akadaro anoitika paunenge uchiitiswa anesthesia neendotracheal intubationuye mechanical ventilation kana muvarwere vari muTrendelenburg chinzvimbo.[2]

Zviri mukati

Nhoroondo[edit]

Muna 1935, chiremba weGermany Karl Matthes (1905-1962) akagadzira nzeve yekutanga-yavelength O.2saturation mita ine tsvuku uye girinhi mafirita (yakazotevera matsvuku uye infrared mafirita).Meta yake ndiyo yakatanga kuyera O2saturation.[3]

Oximeter yepakutanga yakagadzirwa neGlenn Allan Millikanmuma1940.[4]Muna 1949, Wood akawedzera kapule yekumanikidza kusvina ropa kunzeve kuti awane mhedziso yeO.2saturation kukosha apo ropa raidzorerwa.Pfungwa iyi yakafanana neyemazuva ano pulse oximetry, asi yanga yakaoma kuita nekuda kwekusagadzikana.photocellsuye matsime emwenje;nhasi nzira iyi haisi kushandiswa kuchipatara.Muna 1964 Shaw akaunganidza mhedziso yekutanga yekuverenga nzeve oximeter, iyo yakashandisa mafungu masere echiedza.

Pulse oximetry yakagadzirwa muna 1972, naTakuo Aoyagiuye Michio Kishi, bioengineers, paNihon Kohdenuchishandisa reshiyo yehutsvuku kune infrared light absorption ye pulsating components panzvimbo yekuyera.Susumu Nakajima, chiremba anovhiya, nevamwe vake vakatanga kuyedza mudziyo muvarwere, vachiutaura muna 1975.[5]Yakatengeswa neBioxmuna 1980.[6][5][7]

Pakazosvika 1987, chiyero chekuchengetedza kwehutungamiri hweanesthetic muU.Kubva muimba yekushanda, kushandiswa kwepulse oximetry kwakakurumidza kupararira muchipatara, kutanga kusvikamakamuri ekudzorera, uyezve kumudzimba dzevanorwara zvakanyanya.Pulse oximetry yaive yakakosha muchikamu chevacheche apo varwere havabudiriri nekushaikwa kweokisijeni, asi okisijeni yakawandisa uye kushanduka kwekusagadzikana kweokisijeni kunogona kutungamirira mukutadza kuona kana kupofumadza kubva.retinopathy yeprematurity(ROP).Uyezve, kuwana arterial ropa gasi kubva kumurwere achangoberekwa kunorwadza kumurwere uye chikonzero chikuru cheneonatal anemia.[8]Motion artifact inogona kuve yakakosha kudzikisira kune pulse oximetry yekutarisa zvichikonzera kugara uchinyepa maalarm uye kurasikirwa kwedata.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti panguva yekufamba uye yakaderera peripheralperfusion, mapulse oximeters mazhinji haakwanise kusiyanisa pakati pekupuruzira ropa remutsinga uye kufamba kweropa retsinga, zvichikonzera kusatarisisa kwekuzara kweokisijeni.Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zve pulse oximetry performance panguva yekufamba kwechidzidzo zvakajekesa kusagona kwezvakajairwa pulse oximetry tekinoroji kune inofamba artifact.[9][10]

Muna 1995,Masimoyakaunza Signal Extraction Technology (SET) iyo inogona kuyera zvakarurama panguva yekufamba kwemurwere uye kuderera kwepasi nekuparadzanisa chiratidzo che arterial kubva kune venous nezvimwe zviratidzo.Kubva ipapo, vagadziri vepulse oximetry vakagadzira algorithms nyowani kuderedza mamwe maalarm enhema panguva yekufamba[11]sekuwedzera avhareji yenguva kana kuomesa chando pachiratidziro, asi havatauri kuyera kuchinja kwemamiriro panguva yekufamba uye kuderera kwemvura.Saka, kuchine misiyano yakakosha mukuita kwepulse oximeters panguva yakaoma mamiriro.[12]Zvakare muna 1995, Masimo akaunza perfusion index, achiverengera kureba kweiyo peripheral.plethysmographwaveform.Perfusion index yakaratidzwa kubatsira varapi kufanotaura kuomarara kwehurwere uye kutanga kwakashata mhedzisiro yekufema muvacheche,[13][14][15]kufanotaura yakaderera yepamusoro vena cava kuyerera mune yakaderera kwazvo kuberekwa uremu vacheche,[16]kupa chiratidzo chekutanga che sympathectomy mushure me epidural anesthesia,[17]uye kuvandudza kucherechedzwa kwechirwere checongenital heart disease muvana vachangozvarwa.[18]

Mapepa akadhindwa akaenzanisa tekinoroji yekubvisa chiratidzo kune mamwe matekinoroji epulse oximetry uye vakaratidza zvinogara zvichifadza mhedzisiro yechiratidzo chekuburitsa tekinoroji.[9][12][19]Signal extraction tekinoroji pulse oximetry performance yakaratidzawo kushandura mukubatsira varapi kuvandudza mhedzisiro yevarwere.Mune imwe ongororo, retinopathy yeprematurity (kukuvadzwa kweziso) yakaderedzwa ne58% muhuremu hwakaderera kwazvo hwevacheche vari pakati vachishandisa tekinoroji yekubvisa chiratidzo, nepo pakanga pasina kuderera kweretinopathy yeprematurity pane imwe nzvimbo ine varapi vakafanana vachishandisa nzira imwechete. asi ne-non-signal extraction technology.[20]Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti tekinoroji yekuburitsa tekinoroji pulse oximetry inoguma mune mashoma arterial magasi eropa kuyerwa, nekukurumidza okisijeni yekurumurwa nguva, yakaderera sensor kushandiswa, uye yakaderera kureba kwekugara.[21]Iyo chiyero-kuburikidza nekufamba uye yakaderera perfusion kugona iyo yakabvumirawo kuti ishandiswe munzvimbo dzaimbova dzisina kutariswa senge pasi pasi, uko maaramu enhema akatambudza zvakajairwa pulse oximetry.Sehumbowo hweizvi, chidzidzo chakakosha chakabudiswa muna 2010 chichiratidza kuti varapi vepaDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center vachishandisa tekinoroji yekuburitsa tekinoroji pulse oximetry pauriri hwese vakakwanisa kuderedza kukurumidza kupindura kwechikwata, kuchinjisa ICU, uye ICU mazuva.[22]Muna 2020, ongororo yekutevera yekuongorora panzvimbo imwechete yakaratidza kuti anopfuura makore gumi ekushandisa pulse oximetry ine chiratidzo chekuwedzera tekinoroji, pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekutarisa murwere, pakanga paine zero kufa kwevarwere uye hapana varwere vakakuvadzwa neopioid-induced kufema kushushikana. apo kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kwaishandiswa.[23]

Muna 2007, Masimo akaunza kuyerwa kwekutanga kwepleth variability index(PVI), izvo zvidzidzo zvekiriniki zvakawanda zvakaratidza zvinopa nzira itsva yekuongorora otomatiki, isingasviki yekugona kwemurwere kupindura kukutonga kwemvura.[24][25][26]Mazinga emvura akakodzera akakosha kudzikisa njodzi dzepashure nekuvandudza mhedzisiro yemurwere: mavhoriyamu emvura akanyanya kuderera (under-hydration) kana akawandisa (over-hydration) akaratidzwa kuderedza kupora kweronda uye kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa kana matambudziko emwoyo.[27]Nguva pfupi yadarika, National Health Service muUnited Kingdom neFrench Anesthesia neCritical Care Society yakaronga PVI yekutarisa sechikamu chemaitiro avo aifungidzirwa ekutonga kwemvura mukati.[28][29]

Muna 2011, imwe nyanzvi yeboka rekushanda yakakurudzira kuongororwa kwevachangozvarwa nepulse oximetry kuwedzera kuonekwa kweyakaoma congenital heart disease(CCHD).[30]ICCHD workgroup yakataura mhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zviviri zvakakura, zvinotarisirwa zvezvidzidzo zve59,876 zvakangoshandisa tekinoroji yekubvisa chiratidzo kuti iwedzere kuzivikanwa kweCCHD ine mashoma enhema.[31][32]The CCHD workgroup yakakurudzira kuti vachangobva kuzvarwa kuongororwa kuitwe nekufamba kushivirira pulse oximetry iyo yakasimbiswa zvakare mumamiriro epasi eperfusion.Muna 2011, US Secretary of Health and Human Services akawedzera pulse oximetry kune yakakurudzirwa yunifomu yekuongorora pani.[33]Pamberi pehumbowo hwekuongorora uchishandisa tekinoroji yekubvisa chiratidzo, isingasviki 1% yevachangozvarwa muUnited States vakaongororwa.Nhasi,The Newborn Foundationyakanyorwa pedyo nekuongororwa kwepasirese muUnited States uye kuongororwa kwenyika dzese kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza.[34]Muna 2014, chidzidzo chikuru chechitatu chevana 122,738 vachangobva kuberekwa avo vakashandisawo tekinoroji yekubvisa chiratidzo chakafanana, mhedzisiro yakanaka sezvidzidzo zviviri zvakakura.[35]

High-resolution pulse oximetry (HRPO) yakagadziridzwa yekuongorora apnea yekurara mumba uye kuongororwa muvarwere vasingaite.polysomnography.[36][37]Inochengeta uye inorekodha zvesepulse rateuye SpO2 muzvikamu zve 1 uye yakaratidzwa mune imwe tsvakurudzo kuti ibatsire kuona kufema kwehope kune varwere vanovhiya.[38]

Basa[edit]

Absorption spectra ye oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) uye deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) kune tsvuku uye infrared wavelengths.

Rutivi rwemukati rwe pulse oximeter

Ropa-oxygen monitor inoratidza chikamu cheropa rakatakurwa neokisijeni.Kunyanya, inoyera kuti ndeipi muzana yehemoglobin, puroteni iri muropa inotakura oxygen, inotakurwa.Zvinogamuchirwa zvakajairwa zviyero zvevarwere vasina pulmonary pathology kubva pa95 kusvika 99 muzana.Kumurwere anofemera mukamuri mweya uri padyo kana pedyomwero wegungwa, fungidziro ye arterial pO2inogona kugadzirwa kubva muropa-oxygen monitor"Saturation yeperipheral oxygen"(SpO2) kuverenga.

Yakajairika pulse oximeter inoshandisa yemagetsi processor uye peya yedikichiedza-emitting diodes(maLED) akatarisana neaphotodiodekuburikidza nechikamu chinopenya chemuviri wemurwere, kazhinji kacho muromo wemunwe kana kuti nzeve.Imwe LED yakatsvuka, inewavelengthye660 nm, uye imwe yachoinfraredine wavelength ye940 nm.Kupfekwa kwechiedza pamasaisai aya kunosiyana zvakanyanya pakati peropa rakatakurwa neokisijeni neropa risina oxygen.Oxygenated hemoglobin inotora mwenje we infrared uye inobvumira mwenje mutsvuku kupfuura.Deoxygenated hemoglobin inobvumira kuti chiedza che infrared chipfuure uye chinotora chiedza chitsvuku.Iwo maLED anotevedzana kuburikidza nekutenderera kwawo kweimwe pa, ipapo imwe, yobva yadzima kanokwana makumi matatu pasekondi izvo zvinobvumira iyo photodiode kupindura kune tsvuku uye infrared mwenje zvakasiyana uye zvakare kugadzirisa kune ambient mwenje baseline.[39]

Huwandu hwechiedza chinofambiswa (nemamwe mazwi, icho chisina kubatwa) chinoyerwa, uye masaini akapatsanurwa akajairwa anogadzirwa kune yega wavelength.Aya masaini anochinja-chinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuti huwandu hweropa retsinga riripo rinowedzera (chaizvoizvo pulses) nekurova kwemoyo wega wega.Nekubvisa mwenje udiki unopfuudzwa kubva pachiedza chinopfuudzwa mune imwe wavelength, mhedzisiro yemamwe matissue inogadziriswa, ichigadzira inoenderera chiratidzo chepulsatile arterial blood.[40]Chiyero chechiyero chechiedza chitsvuku kuchiyero chechiedza che infrared chinobva chaverengerwa ne processor (inomiririra reshiyo ye oxygenated hemoglobin kune deoxygenated hemoglobin), uye chiyero ichi chinozoshandurwa kuita SpO.2ne processor kuburikidza neatafura yekutarisa[40]zvichibva paBeer-Lambert mutemo.[39]Kupatsanurwa kwechiratidzo kunoshandawo zvimwe zvinangwa: plethysmograph waveform ("pleth wave") inomiririra iyo pulsatile chiratidzo chinowanzo kuratidzwa chiratidzo cheiyo pulses pamwe nechiratidzo chemhando.[41]uye chiyero chenhamba pakati pe pulsatile uye baseline absorbance (“perfusion index") inogona kushandiswa kuongorora perfusion.[25]

Chiratidzo[edit]

A pulse oximeter probe inoshandiswa pamunwe wemunhu

A pulse oximeter is amudziyo wekurapaiyo inotarisa zvisina kunanga kuzara kweokisijeni yemurwereropa(kusiyana nekuyera kuzara kweokisijeni zvakananga kuburikidza nesampuli yeropa) uye shanduko yehuwandu hweropa muganda, zvichigadziraphotoplethysmogramiyo inogona kuwedzeredzwa mukatizvimwe zviyero.[41]Iyo pulse oximeter inogona kuiswa mune multiparameter murwere monitor.Mamonitor mazhinji anoratidzawo pulse rate.Inotakurika, bhatiri-inoshanda pulse oximeters inowanikwawo yekutakura kana kumba yeropa-oxygen monitoring.

Zvakanakira[edit]

Pulse oximetry inonyanya kukodzeranoninvasivekuenderera mberi kuyerwa kweropa oxygen saturation.Kusiyana neizvi, mazinga egasi reropa anofanira kumwe kutariswa murabhoritari pane sampuli yeropa rakatorwa.Pulse oximetry inobatsira mune chero mamiriro apo murwereoxygenationhaina kugadzikana, kusanganisiraintensive care, kushanda, kupora, emergency uye mawadhi echipatara,vatyairi vendegemundege isina kumanikidzwa, kuongororwa kweokisijeni yemurwere, uye kuona kushanda kwe kana kudiwa kwekuwedzera.oxygen.Kunyange zvazvo pulse oximeter inoshandiswa kutarisa oxygenation, haigoni kuona metabolism yeokisijeni, kana chiyero cheokisijeni inoshandiswa nemurwere.Nechinangwa ichi, zvinodiwawo kuyeracarbon dioxide(CO2) mazinga.Zvinogoneka kuti inogonawo kushandiswa kuona kusagadzikana mumhepo.Zvisinei, kushandisa pulse oximeter kuonahypoventilationyakakanganiswa nekushandiswa kweokisijeni yekuwedzera, sezvo chete apo varwere vanofema mweya wekamuri izvo zvisiri izvo mukushanda kwekufema zvinogona kuonekwa zvakavimbika nekushandiswa kwayo.Nokudaro, kurongeka kwemaitiro ekuwedzera oksijeni kunogona kunge kusingadikanwi kana murwere achikwanisa kuchengetedza oxygenation yakakwana mumhepo yekamuri, sezvo inogona kukonzera hypoventilation kuenda kusingaonekwi.[42]

Nekuda kwekureruka kwavo kwekushandisa uye kugona kupa inoenderera uye nekukasira uye nekukurumidza saturation kukosha, pulse oximeters yakakosha zvakanyanyamushonga wechimbichimbiuye anobatsirawo zvakanyanya kuvarwere vane matambudziko ekufema kana emwoyo, kunyanyaCOPD, kana kuti kuongororwa kwevamwematambudziko ekurarazvakaita seapneauyehypopnea.[43]Portable battery-operated pulse oximeters inobatsira kune vatyairi vendege vasingatsikidzirwe pamusoro pe10,000 feet (3,000 m) kana 12,500 feet (3,800 m) muU.S.[44]uko oxygen yekuwedzera inodiwa.Portable pulse oximeters inobatsirawo kune vanokwira makomo nevatambi vane mwero weokisijeni unogona kudzikira kumusoroaltitudeskana nokurovedza muviri.Mamwe anotakurika pulse oximeters anoshandisa software inochata ropa remurwere okisijeni uye kupuruzira, inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chekutarisa huwandu hweokisijeni muropa.

Ikozvino kufambira mberi kwekubatanidza kwaitawo kuti zvikwanisike kuti varwere varambe vachitariswa ropa ravo reokisijeni pasina tambo yekubatanidza kune yekutarisa yechipatara, pasina kupira kuyerera kwedata revarwere kudzokera kumamonitor epamubhedha uye nepakati pevarwere vanoongorora masisitimu.Masimo Radius PPG, yakaunzwa muna 2019, inopa tetherless pulse oximetry ichishandisa Masimo chiratidzo chekubvisa tekinoroji, ichibvumira varwere kufamba vakasununguka uye zvakanaka vachiri kuramba vachitariswa uye nekuvimbika.[45]Radius PPG inogona zvakare kushandisa yakachengeteka Bluetooth kugovana data remurwere zvakananga ne smartphone kana imwe smart kifaa.[46]

Kuganhurirwa[edit]

Pulse oximetry inongoyera hemoglobin saturation, kwetekufefetedzauye haisi chiyero chakakwana chekufema zvakakwana.Haisi inotsivamagasi eropainotariswa murabhoritari, nekuti haipe chiratidzo chekushomeka kwepasi, mazinga ecarbon dioxide, ropapH, kanabicarbonate(HCO3−) concentration.Iyo metabolism yeokisijeni inogona kuyerwa nyore nyore nekutarisa yapera nguva CO2, asi nhamba dzemasaturation hadzipi ruzivo nezvehuwandu hweokisijeni muropa.Okisijeni yakawanda iri muropa inotakurwa nehemoglobin;muanemia yakakomba, ropa rine hemoglobin shoma, iyo pasinei nokuti yakazadzwa haigoni kutakura oxygen yakawanda.

Kuverengera kwakaderera zvisizvo kungakonzerwa nehypoperfusionyekugumira iri kushandiswa kutarisa (kazhinji nekuda kwekutonhora kwenhengo, kana kubvavasoconstrictionchechipiri kune kushandiswa kwevasopressorvamiririri);isiriyo sensor application;zvikurukushaya simbaskin;kana kufamba (sekudedera), kunyanya panguva ye hypoperfusion.Kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi, iyo sensor inofanirwa kudzorera yakatsiga pulse uye / kana pulse waveform.Pulse oximetry tekinoroji inosiyana mukugona kwavo kupa data chaiyo panguva yekufamba uye yakaderera perfusion.[12][9]

Pulse oximetry zvakare haisi chiyero chakakwana chekutenderera kweokisijeni yakakwana.Kana pasina kukwanakubuda kweropakana hemoglobin isina kukwana muropa (kupererwa neropa), matishu anogona kutamburahypoxiakunyangwe yakakwira arterial oxygen saturation.

Sezvo pulse oximetry inoyera chete muzana yehemoglobin yakasungwa, kuverenga kwenhema kwepamusoro kana kwenhema kuchaitika apo hemoglobin inosunga kune chimwe chinhu kunze kweokisijeni:

  • Hemoglobin ine hukama hwepamusoro kune kabhoni monoxide pane yainoita kuokisijeni, uye kuverenga kwepamusoro kunogona kuitika kunyangwe murwere aine hypoxemic chaiyo.Muzviitiko zvecarbon monoxide poisoning, kusarurama uku kunogona kunonoka kuzivikanwa kwehypoxia(yakaderera cellular oxygen level).
  • Cyanide chepfuinopa kuverenga kwepamusoro nekuti inoderedza kutorwa kweokisijeni kubva muropa re arterial.Muchiitiko ichi, kuverenga hakusi kwenhema, sezvo arterial blood oxygen yakakwira muchepfu yecyanide yekutanga.[kujekeswa kunodiwa]
  • Methemoglobinemiazvinokonzeresa pulse oximetry kuverenga pakati pe80s.
  • COPD [kunyanya chronic bronchitis] inogona kukonzera kuverenga kwenhema.[47]

Nzira isingapindiki inobvumira kuenderera kuyerwa kwedyshemoglobins ndiyo pulseCO-oximeter, iyo yakavakwa muna 2005 naMasimo.[48]Nekushandisa mamwe wavelengths,[49]inopa varapi nzira yekuyera nayo dyshemoglobins, carboxyhemoglobin, uye methemoglobin pamwe chete nehemoglobin yakazara.[50]

Kuwedzera kushandiswa[edit]

Zvinoenderana neshumo neData Tsvagiridzo iyo US pulse oximetry yekutarisa musika wemidziyo uye masensa yaive pamusoro pe700 miriyoni USD mu2011.[51]

Muna 2008, inopfuura hafu yevanogadzira kunze kwenyika vagadziri vemidziyo yekurapa mukatiChinavaiva vagadziri vepulse oximeters.[52]

Kukurumidza kuonekwa kweCOVID-19[edit]

Pulse oximeters inoshandiswa kubatsira nekutanga kuonaCOVID-19kutapukira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutanga kusingaonekwe yakaderera arterial oxygen saturation uye hypoxia.The New York Timesyakashuma kuti "vakuru vehutano vakakamurwa pamusoro pekuti kutariswa kwemba ne pulse oximeter kunofanirwa kukurudzirwa kwakapararira panguva yeCovid-19.Zvidzidzo zvekuvimbika zvinoratidza zvakasanganiswa mhedzisiro, uye pane diki gwara rekuti ungasarudza sei imwe.Asi vanachiremba vazhinji vari kuraira varwere kuti vatore, zvichiita kuti ive gadget yedenda. ”[53]

Zviyero zvakatorwa[edit]

Onawo:Photoplethysmogram

Nekuda kwekuchinja kwehuwandu hweropa muganda, aplethysmographickusiyana kunogona kuonekwa muchiratidzo chechiedza chakagamuchirwa (transmittance) ne sensor pane oximeter.Kusiyana kunogona kutsanangurwa seaperiodic basa, iyo inogona kupatsanurwa kuita DC chikamu (iyo yepamusoro kukosha)[a]uye chikamu che AC (peak minus valley).[54]Chiyero chechikamu che AC kuchikamu cheDC, chinoratidzirwa sechikamu, chinozivikanwa se(peripheral)perfusionindex(Pi) yekupuruzira, uye kazhinji ine huwandu hwe0.02% kusvika 20%.[55]Chiyero chekare chinonzi thepulse oximetry plethysmographic(POP) inoyera chete chikamu che "AC", uye inotorwa nemaoko kubva kumapikseli ekutarisa.[56][25]

Pleth variability index(PVI) chiyero chekusiyana kweiyo perfusion index, inoitika panguva yekufema.Masvomhu inoverengerwa se (Pimax-Pimin)/Pimax× 100%, uko kwakakwirira uye kushoma Pi kukosha kubva kune imwe kana akawanda ekufema kutenderera.[54]Yakaratidzwa kuva inobatsira, isingasviki chiratidzo chekuenderera kwemvura inopindura kune varwere vari pasi pekutonga kwemvura.[25] Pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude(ΔPOP) inzira inofananidzira yekare yekushandisa paPOP inotorwa nemaoko, inoverengerwa se(POP).max- POPmin)/(POPmax+ POPmin)*2.[56]

Onawo[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Iyi tsananguro inoshandiswa naMasimo inosiyana kubva kune inorehwa kukosha inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa zviratidzo;inoreva kuyera pulsatile arterial blood absorbance pamusoro pekutanga kunyura.

References[edit]

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Nguva yekutumira: Jun-04-2020