Iiparamitha zovavanyo lwesigulane

Imilinganiselo emi-6 yeeparamitha: i-ECG, ukuphefumla, uxinzelelo lwegazi olungathinteliyo, ukugcwala kweoksijini yegazi, i-pulse, ubushushu bomzimba.Abanye: uxinzelelo lwegazi oluhlaselayo, i-carbon dioxide engapheliyo yokuphefumula, i-mechanics yokuphefumula, igesi ye-anesthetic, i-cardiac output (i-invasive and non-invasive), i-EEG ye-bispectral index, njl.

1. IECG

I-electrocardiogram yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko zokubeka iliso kwisixhobo sokubeka iliso.Umgaqo-siseko kukuba emva kokuba intliziyo ivuselelwe ngombane, uvuyo luvelisa umqondiso wombane, odluliselwa kumphezulu womzimba womntu ngokusebenzisa izicubu ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye i-probe ibona amandla atshintshileyo, akhuliswe kwaye adluliselwe kwi-terminal yokufakelwa.Le nkqubo yenziwa ngeentambo ezidityaniswe nomzimba womntu.Ilothe iqulethe iingcingo ezikhuselekileyo, ezinokuthi zithintele imimandla ye-electromagnetic ukuba ingaphazamisani neempawu ze-ECG ezibuthathaka.

2. Ukubetha kwentliziyo

Umlinganiselo wezinga lentliziyo kukugqiba ukubetha kwentliziyo ngoko nangoko kunye ne-avareji yezinga lentliziyo esekelwe kwi-ECG waveform.

Umntu omdala osempilweni unomlinganiselo wentliziyo obetha ngama-75 ngomzuzu xa ephumle, yaye umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo ubetha ngama-60-100 ngomzuzu.

3. Ukuphefumla

Ujongo ikakhulu izinga lokuphefumla kwesigulane.Xa uphefumla ngokuzolileyo, ukuphefumula kwe-60-70 / min kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa kunye ne-12-18 ukuphefumula / iminithi kubantu abadala.

4. Uxinzelelo lwegazi olungasebenzisiyo

Ukujongwa koxinzelelo lwegazi olungasebenzisiyo kusebenzisa indlela yokufumanisa isandi seKorotkoff.Umthambo we-brachial uvalwe ngekhafu evuzayo.Uluhlu lwezandi zamathoni ahlukeneyo luya kubonakala ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthintela ukuhla koxinzelelo.Ngokwethoni kunye nexesha, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-systolic kunye ne-diastolic lunokugwetywa.Ngexesha lokubeka iliso, imakrofoni isetyenziswa njengenzwa.Xa uxinzelelo lwe-cuff luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwe-systolic, imithwalo yegazi icinezelekile, igazi elingaphantsi kwe-cuff liyayeka ukuhamba, kwaye i-microphone ayinayo uphawu.Xa i-microphone ibona isandi sokuqala seKorotkoff, uxinzelelo oluhambelana ne-cuff luxinzelelo lwe-systolic.Emva koko i-microphone ilinganisa isandi se-Korotkoff ukusuka kwinqanaba lokunciphisa ukuya kwinqanaba elithe cwaka, kwaye uxinzelelo oluhambelana ne-cuff luxinzelelo lwe-diastolic.

5. Ubushushu bomzimba

Ubushushu bomzimba bubonakalisa isiphumo semetabolism yomzimba kwaye yenye yeemeko zokuba umzimba wenze imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokusebenza.Iqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi emzimbeni libizwa ngokuba “ngubushushu obungundoqo”, obubonisa imeko yentloko okanye itorso.

6. Ukubetha

I-pulse luphawu olutshintsha ngamaxesha athile ngokubetha kwentliziyo, kwaye umthamo we-arterial we-blood vessel nawo uyatshintsha ngamaxesha athile.Ixesha lokutshintsha umqondiso we-photoelectric transducer yi-pulse.I-pulse yesigulana ilinganiswa ngeprobe ye-photoelectric eboshwe kwincam yomnwe okanye kwi-auricle yesigulana.

7. Igesi yeGazi

Ikakhulu ibhekisa kuxinzelelo lwe-oxygen inxalenye (PO2), i-carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) kunye ne-blood oxygen saturation (SpO2).

I-PO2 ngumlinganiselo womthamo weoksijini kwimithambo.I-PCO2 ngumlinganiselo wekharbon diokside umxholo emithanjeni.I-SpO2 ngumlinganiselo womxholo we-oksijini kumthamo we-oxygen.Ukujongwa kwe-oxygen saturation yegazi kwakhona kulinganiswa ngendlela ye-photoelectric, kwaye i-sensor kunye ne-pulse measurement iyafana.Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo luyi-95% ukuya kwi-99%.